¨Fast foods are relatively inexpensive foods that are prepared and served quickly. The fast-food industry had its beginnings around the mid-twentieth century, and it grew tremendously during the last three decades of the twentieth century. Growth of the fast-food industry is projected to be even greater outside the United states during the twenty-first century.

the most common type of U.S. fast-food restaurant specializes in meal consisting of a hamburger, French fries ,and a beverage. Example include McDonald´s, burger king, and Wendy´s. some such as KFC, specialize in chicken; some, such as subway, provide Americanized ethnic food. eateries serve some of the standard American dishes, such as hamburgers, but they may also serve regionally popular items. There are also fast-food restaurants in other countries that specialize in providing ethnic foods, such as soups in japan or crepes in France.

Nutritional issues

Many fast foods are fried (which facilitates quick preparation), high in fat and sodium, and low in fiber, vitamins, and some minerals. The ¨added value¨ option, whereby customers can order larger sizes for a minimal additional charge, adds to the total  calorie and fat intake. many of these eateries now offer , low-fat ice cream, and plain, broiled chicken sandwiches or other foods low in fat and/or calories. Menu options will probably continue to increase in response to health concerns and changing demographics.

Extra-large portions of fast food may seem like a bargain, but such items add excessive empty calories to the diet. A ¨supersized combo meal¨ may provide a person´s entire daily recommended intake of calories, but will probably include very few essential nutrients. [photograph by Steve Prezant. Corbis. Reproduced by permission.]¨

2. ¨although there are a growing number of healthier fast food options, most fast food can still be classified as junk food. Eating a poor quality diet high in junk food is linked to a higher risk of obesity, depression, digestive issues, heart disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer and early death.¨

3. ¨ because of these fast food ads, children begin to set their unhealthy eating habits for life. There are two direct effects obesity has on our nation, one being on the body itself and the other our nation´s wallet.¨

Source Citation   (MLA 8^th Edition)

2. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/sneaking-a-little-junk-food-doesnt-mean-all-is-lost/2018/02/26/828b75fa-1b36-11e8-9de1-147dd2df3829_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ffd5d02e4dd8

3.https://www.bluffton.edu/…2/Impact%20of%20Fast%20Food%20on%20Society.do

Washington — A consumer group has escalated its campaign to gain the food drug Administration´s approval of mandatory ingredient disclosures for fast foods.

The Center for Science in the public Interest (CSPI) late last month supplied the FDA with 2,500 fresh consumer petitions from across the nation, urging the agency to mandate fast-food labeling and ¨protect the American public from unwarranted health risks from eating fast foods.¨

FDA officials said that evidence of consumer desire for fast-food ingredient labeling is a factor to be considered when the agency makes a final rule on the CSPI´s petition.

Last summer, the center, the American college of Allergists and the New York state Consumer Protection Board petitioned the FDA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to enforce the mandatory ingredient labeling  provisions of federal laws for fast foods. This past fall the Department of Agriculture ruled against the petition.

To date, the center has provided the FDA with more than 5,000 petitions signed by consumers, 127 ¨eminent¨ Scientists and 10 consumer groups.

The consumer petitions urge the agency to require fast-food restaurants to provide ingredient labeling of all foods. ¨Disclosures of  the types of fat [and other ingredients] will provide crucial information to  consumers who want to reduce their risk of heart disease or avoid ingredients that cause allergic reactions or other problems,¨ the petitions state.

in  addition, the consumer petitions are calling on fastfood chains to ¨fry foods in unsaturated vegetable oils and to offer a greater selection of low- fat items.¨

2.¨ a 2012 study found that people who eat more fast food are 51 percent more likely to be depressed¨.

3.¨Excess calories from fast-food meals can cause eight gain. This may lead toward obesity. Obesity increases your risk foe respiratory problems, including asthma and shortness of breath. The extra pounds can put pressure on your heart and lungs and symptoms may show up even with little exertion

Source Citation   (MLA 8^thEdition)

2.https://hellogiggles.com/news/7-scary-things-fast-food-does-to-your-body-and-one-surprising-good-thing/

3.ttps://www.healthline.com/health/fast-food-effects-on-body

¨ A radical redesign of supermarkets to give less prominence to food and drink high in sugar, salt and fat is being considered as part of ¨draconian¨ plans by ministers in Scotland to force retailers to tackle obesity and heart disease.

The Grocer has learned that talks with industry bodies have seen a string  of ideas tabled, including a cigarette-style clampdown on marketing and in store presence of foods deemed ¨unhealthy¨.

Retailers and supplier leaders were summoned to the talks earlier this month and left with the message that the Scottish government is not satisfied with existing voluntary moves to tackle obesity, and to put the focus on healthier foods.

Ministers called for a crackdown on areas such as BOGOF promotions and said a much more concerted move towards reformulation was required. They warned they would resort to regulation if needed¨

a retail source involved in the discussions said they hoped scottish ministers could be convinced that some of the proposed measures went too far.

¨ a number of potential measures were discussed,¨ said the source. ¨Some are draconian but at the moment they are not firm proposals.¨

The move comes despite the Scottish government agreeing to a voluntary reformulation agreement with retailers injury last year.

under the deal Tesco, Nasdaq, Salisbury´s, The co-op, boots, marks & Spencer, Morrison and wait rose promised to increase the proportion of fruit and veg affordable through special offers, and boost the prominence of the fresh produce category in store.

Ironically, the deal was rejected for England and Wales by Andrew Lansley, the now- departed health secretary, while being hailed by ministers north of the borders as a major step forward.

Quinn, Ian¨

2.¨Excess calories from fast food meals  can cause weight gain. This may lead toward obesity. Obesity increases your risk for respiratory problems, including asthma and shortness of breath.¨

3.¨ Today, the majority of people in most of the developed world get more than half their calories from processed, fast, and fake foods. the fast food health risks are shocking. and it´s only getting worse.¨

Source Citation   (MLA 8^thEdition)

2.https://www.healthline.com/health/fast-food-effects-on-body

3.https://foodrevolution.org/blog/food-and-health/fast-food-health-risks/

¨ what are the right policy tools to help people cut down on so-called ¨junk food ¨? this question led to some vigorous political clashes and brought about a new wave of interventionism, as regulators pursued varying approaches.

From Denmark´s double tax on sugars and sat-fats (soon retired following strong opposition from industry),to France´s ¨tax soda ¨ on soft drinks, it is clear that policy-makers have a huge range of choices available to them. but is there even a measurable, objective ¨reality¨ of what hunk food is, or is the term just buzzword? in the era of ¨evidence-based policy making¨ this matters. a lot.

There is no overall EU policy to deal with obesity. And national policy-making, pressed by public health goals, often clashes with a more comprehensive, scientific definition of junk food, focusing instead on single ¨killer¨ nutrients and  targeting those through taxation and labeling . There is also a lack of consensus among global institutions on the nature of ¨junk¨. This has led to fragmentation, giving politicians the space to promote their own methods for solving the problem.

The upshot? Scientific consensus takes the back to narrow, national political agendas. That´s a shame, not least because politicians stand to benefit from scientific consensus in the long run.

Obviously, this would mean dismissing that old relativistic mantra: no good or bad foods exist as such; there are only good diets and bad diets. This does not seem true anymore.  Compelling evidence shows that sugar and salt do have health implications. But people do not eat sugar and salt. They eat complex foods.

in the spirit of the ¨nutrient profiles¨ the EC has been promising, we need to rate foods to help citizens make  informed  informed choices, but in so doing we need to consider the food´s true nature. we need an approach in which vitamins and minerals along with other good nutrients are balanced against more problematic ones.

This won´t be easy, but it´s absolutely vital. otherwise, we risk having further policy fragmentation, which in turn will lead to an uncertain business environment for food producers and retailers– and even more mixed messages for consumers.”

Corrado Finardi is policy adviser for coldiretti Italian farmers

Finardi, Corrado

2 “the problem with junk food in our current food culture is that it seems to slip into every meal: we have a pop-tart for breakfast, a snapple at lunch, a soda after school, fast food for dinner, followed by an ice cream sandwich,” says jill jayne, a registered dietitian in New York city who creates nutrition education programs for teens. “you can eat junk food. it just shouldn’t be its own food group.”

3.”diet is an important part of your overall health. A diet high in saturated and trans fats raises blood cholesterol – a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. too much sodium can raise your blood pressure and too much fat and sugar can lead to obesity, both of which may contribute to heart disease as well”

Source Citation   (MLA 8^th Edition)

¨YES america is facing a crisis because of our eating habits.

Sixty million adults (20 percent of the population) are obese. Nearly 300,000 people die from complications associated with obese or overweight.

Poor eating habits developed at a early age lead to a lifetime of real health consequences. School is where children spend most of their time, and it is where we lay the foundation for healthy habits. That’s why new jersey is the first state to adopt a comprehensive school nutrition policy that bans candy, soda, and other junk food.

If you go to school, along with the ´á la carte lines in your cafeterias, will no longer be able to sell snacks that are high in fat and loaded with sugar. Items that list sugar as the first ingredient will be eliminated and snacks will contain no more than eight grams of total fat and not more than two grams of saturated fat.

Soda and junk food will be replaced with more-nutritious alternatives. You will still have choices, but instead of candy or chips, you may have to decide between an apple or carrot sticks.

It has always been the role of the government to help solve problems, including and especially health crises. Obesity is a health epidemic across our country, and we have a responsibility as a government and a society to do all we can to promote good nutrition and healthy eating so we can reverse this alarming trend.

New jersey is proud to be the first in nation to adopt a statewide school junk-food ban, and we hope other states follow our lead

— Richard j. Codey

Acting Governor of new jersey]

No it may make sense for a school board to ban junk foods in some cases, but there are several issues that should be considered.

2. “when fast food frequently replaces nutritious foods in your diet, it can lead to poor nutrition, poor health problems including heart disease, diabetes, and stroke”

3. “Fatigue and lack the energy; since these foods contain little amount of proteins, vitamins and minerals¨

2. https://salud-america.org/13-effects-of-fast-food/

3.https://www.nadec.com.sa/en-us/healthwellness/healthylife/junkfoodssideeffects.aspx